What to See in Egypt? A List of Must-Visit Destinations in Egypt

A List of Must-Visit Destinations in Egypt

Egypt is one of the most fascinating destinations in the world, boasting an incredible history, rich culture, and stunning natural beauty. From the iconic pyramids of Giza to the bustling streets of Cairo, there is something for everyone in this incredible country. In this guide, we will provide you with everything you need to know before you travel to Egypt, from the best time to visit the top attractions and must-try foods.

Introduction

A. Brief overview of Egypt

Egypt is a country located in North Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the east. It is one of the oldest civilizations in the world, with a history that dates back to the Pharaonic era. The country is home to some of the most iconic landmarks in the world, including the Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza.

B. Importance of Egypt as a travel destination

Egypt is a popular travel destination, attracting millions of visitors each year. It is a country that is steeped in history, with an incredible cultural heritage and some of the most iconic landmarks in the world. Whether you are interested in history, culture, or natural beauty, Egypt has something to offer everyone. The country is also home to some of the most luxurious resorts in the world, making it a popular destination for those looking for a relaxing vacation.

Giza Pyramids: Egypt’s Most Iconic Attraction

The pyramids of Giza are one of the most iconic landmarks in the world, attracting millions of visitors each year. Built over 4,500 years ago, these ancient structures are a testament to the ingenuity and skill of the ancient Egyptians. In this guide, we will provide you with everything you need to know about the pyramids of Giza, from their history to the best ways to visit and explore them.

I. Overview of the Pyramids

The pyramids of Giza are located on the outskirts of Cairo, the capital city of Egypt. They are composed of three main pyramids: the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure. The Great Pyramid of Khufu is the largest and the oldest of the three, standing at a height of 147 meters (481 feet).

II. History of the Pyramids

The pyramids were built during the Old Kingdom period of ancient Egypt, between 2589 BC and 2504 BC. They were constructed as tombs for the pharaohs and their consorts, who were believed to become gods after their deaths. The construction of the pyramids required an enormous amount of resources and manpower, with estimates suggesting that it took over 100,000 workers to build the Great Pyramid of Khufu alone.

III. Tourist Activities at the Pyramids

There are several activities that visitors can enjoy at the pyramids of Giza. One of the most popular is to take a camel ride around the area, which provides a unique perspective of the pyramids and the surrounding desert landscape. Visitors can also explore the interior of the pyramids, although this is not recommended for those who are claustrophobic or have mobility issues. Additionally, there is a sound and light show held at the pyramids in the evening, which provides a spectacular display of lights and music.

Tips for Visiting the Pyramids

Visiting the pyramids can be a challenging experience, especially for those who are not familiar with the local customs and culture. Here are some tips to help you make the most of your visit:

Luxor: Egypt’s Ancient City and the capital of Egypt during the New Kingdom period

Luxor is a city in southern Egypt, known for its ancient temples and tombs that date back thousands of years. In this guide, we will provide you with everything you need to know about Luxor, from its history to the best ways to visit and explore its most famous attractions.

I. Overview of Luxor

Luxor is located on the east bank of the Nile River and was once the ancient city of Thebes, the capital of Egypt during the New Kingdom period. The city is home to some of the most impressive ancient monuments in the world, including the Valley of the Kings, the Temple of Karnak, and the Temple of Hatshepsut.

II. The Valley of the Kings

The Valley of the Kings is a series of tombs located on the west bank of the Nile River. The tombs were built for pharaohs and their consorts and contain intricate carvings and paintings that depict scenes from Egyptian mythology. Visitors can explore several tombs, including the tomb of Tutankhamun, which was discovered in 1922 by archaeologist Howard Carter.

III. The Temple of Karnak

The Temple of Karnak is one of the largest ancient religious sites in the world, covering an area of over 100 hectares. It was built over 1,500 years and contains several temples, chapels, and pylons. Visitors can explore the Great Hypostyle Hall, which contains 134 massive columns and is one of the most impressive architectural feats of ancient Egypt.

IV. The Temple of Hatshepsut

The Temple of Hatshepsut is a mortuary temple located on the west bank of the Nile River. It was built for Queen Hatshepsut, one of the few female pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The temple is known for its impressive architecture, including a series of terraces and colonnades that blend seamlessly into the surrounding landscape.

Tips for Visiting Luxor

Visiting Luxor can be a challenging experience, especially for those who are not familiar with the local customs and culture. Here are some tips to help you make the most of your visit:

A. Dress Appropriately

Egypt is a conservative country, and visitors should dress modestly when visiting religious sites. This means covering the shoulders and knees and avoiding tight or revealing clothing.

B. Hire a Guide

Hiring a guide is the best way to explore Luxor’s ancient sites, as they can provide valuable insights into the history and culture of the area. They can also help you navigate the often confusing layout of the temples and tombs.

C. Visit Early in the Morning

Like the pyramids of Giza, the best time to visit Luxor’s ancient sites is early in the morning, before the crowds arrive. This will give you more time to explore and take photos without having to deal with large crowds.

D. Be Prepared for the Heat

Egypt is a hot and dry country, and visitors should be prepared for the intense heat. It is essential to wear sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses, and to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day.

Cairo: The Capital of Egypt

A. Overview of Cairo

Cairo, the capital of Egypt, is a bustling city that is home to over 20 million people. It is the largest city in Africa and the Middle East and is often referred to as the “city of a thousand minarets” due to the many mosques that can be seen throughout the city. Cairo is a vibrant and colorful city that combines the old with the new, offering visitors a unique experience.

B. The Egyptian Museum

The Egyptian Museum is one of the most important museums in the world and is located in Cairo. It houses over 120,000 artifacts, including the famous treasures of Tutankhamun. Visitors can see a wide range of artifacts that showcase Egypt’s rich history and culture, including mummies, sculptures, and ancient artifacts.

C. The Citadel

The Citadel is a medieval Islamic fortress that is located on a hill overlooking Cairo. It was built in the 12th century by Saladin and was used as a residence for Egypt’s rulers for over 700 years. Visitors can explore the various structures and attractions within the citadel, including the Mohamed Ali Mosque, which is one of the most famous landmarks in Cairo.

D. Khan El Khalili Market

Khan El Khalili Market is a bustling and vibrant market that is located in the heart of Cairo’s old city. It is one of the oldest markets in the Middle East and offers visitors a unique shopping experience. Visitors can find a wide range of items for sale, including textiles, spices, jewelry, and souvenirs.

Tips for visiting Cairo

• Wear comfortable clothing and shoes as the city can be quite hot and dusty.
• Avoid traveling during rush hour as traffic can be very congested.
• Be respectful of the local culture and dress modestly when visiting mosques and other religious sites.
• Bargain when shopping at markets, as prices are often negotiable.
• Hire a guide or join a tour to get the most out of your visit to Cairo.

Aswan: Beautiful Temples, and Stunning Natural Landscapes

A. Overview of Aswan:

Aswan is a city located in the southern part of Egypt, on the east bank of the Nile River. It is a popular tourist destination known for its ancient history, beautiful temples, and stunning natural landscapes. Aswan is also an important hub for transportation and trade in the region.

B. Abu Simbel temples:

Abu Simbel is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located about 290 km southwest of Aswan. It is home to two magnificent temples that were built during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 13th century BC. The temples are famous for their giant statues, intricate carvings, and impressive architecture.

C. The Nubian village:

The Nubian village is located on the west bank of the Nile River, just a short boat ride from Aswan. It is a unique and colorful village with a rich cultural heritage. Visitors can explore the narrow streets, meet the friendly locals, and learn about the traditional Nubian way of life.

D. Felucca boat ride:

A felucca is a traditional wooden sailing boat that is popular for cruising along the Nile River. A felucca ride is a must-do experience in Aswan, as it allows visitors to take in the beautiful scenery and enjoy a peaceful and relaxing ride.

Tips for visiting Aswan:

1. Aswan can be extremely hot in the summer months, so it is important to dress appropriately and stay hydrated.
2. It is advisable to hire a local guide to explore the area and learn more about the history and culture of Aswan.
3. Negotiate prices before taking any taxi rides or purchasing souvenirs from street vendors.
4. Respect the local customs and traditions, and dress modestly when visiting religious sites.
5. Be aware of the current political situation and follow any travel advisories issued by your government.

Alexandria: A Rich History, Diverse Cultural Heritage, and Stunning Architecture

A. Overview of Alexandria:

Alexandria is a coastal city in Egypt, located on the Mediterranean Sea. It is known for its rich history, diverse cultural heritage, and stunning architecture. Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, Alexandria was once one of the most important cities in the ancient world.

B. Bibliotheca Alexandrina:

The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is a modern library and cultural center located in Alexandria. It was built in 2002 as a tribute to the ancient Library of Alexandria, which was one of the largest and most famous libraries in the world. The modern library is an impressive structure that houses millions of books, manuscripts, and other cultural artifacts.

C. Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa:

The Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa are a network of underground tombs located in the heart of Alexandria. Dating back to the 2nd century AD, these catacombs are a fascinating mix of Roman and Egyptian architectural styles. Visitors can explore the maze-like tunnels and see the intricate carvings and decorations that adorn the tombs.

D. Qaitbay Citadel:

The Qaitbay Citadel is a 15th-century fortress located on the Mediterranean coast of Alexandria. Built by Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaitbay, the citadel was designed to protect the city from attacks by sea. Today, it is a popular tourist attraction that offers stunning views of the sea and the city.

Tips for visiting Alexandria:

1. Wear comfortable shoes and dress appropriately for the weather, as there is a lot of walking involved in exploring the city.
2. Carry a map or a guidebook with you, as the city can be quite confusing to navigate.
3. Be prepared for crowds and long lines at popular tourist sites.
4. Take caution when crossing the streets, as traffic can be chaotic.
5. Be respectful of the local culture and customs, and dress modestly when visiting religious sites.

Red Sea: Crystal clear waters, Colorful coral reefs, and Diverse Marine life

A. Overview of the Red Sea

The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, located between Africa and Asia. It is a popular tourist destination known for its crystal clear waters, colorful coral reefs, and diverse marine life. The Red Sea is also an important shipping route and a source of valuable resources, such as oil and minerals.

B. Sharm El Sheikh

Sharm El Sheikh is a resort town located on the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula, on the Red Sea coast. It is a popular destination for scuba diving and snorkeling, as it is home to some of the best coral reefs in the world. Sharm El Sheikh also offers a range of other activities, such as camel rides, quad biking, and desert safaris.

C. Hurghada

Hurghada is another popular resort town on the Red Sea coast, located about 550 km south of Cairo. It is known for its long sandy beaches, warm waters, and vibrant nightlife. Hurghada is a great destination for water sports enthusiasts, with activities such as windsurfing, kitesurfing, and parasailing on offer.

D. Dahab

Dahab is a laid-back town located on the Sinai Peninsula, about 85 km north of Sharm El Sheikh. It is a popular destination for backpackers and budget travelers, as it offers affordable accommodation and a relaxed atmosphere. Dahab is also a great place for diving and snorkeling, with some of the most stunning coral reefs in the region.

Tips for visiting the Red Sea

1. Bring sunscreen and a hat, as the sun can be intense in the Red Sea region.
2. Check the weather forecast before planning outdoor activities, as conditions can be unpredictable.
3. Respect the local culture and customs, especially when visiting religious sites.
4. Take caution when swimming or diving, and follow the instructions of trained professionals.
5. Do not touch or damage the coral reefs or marine life, as they are fragile and important for the ecosystem.

Sinai: A region of Great Natural Beauty

A. Overview of Sinai

Sinai is a peninsula located in Egypt, situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south. It is a region of great natural beauty, with rugged mountains, stunning coastlines, and ancient cultural heritage. Sinai is a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts and history buffs alike.

B. Mount Sinai

Mount Sinai is a sacred mountain located in the southern part of the Sinai Peninsula. It is believed to be the place where Moses received the Ten Commandments from God. Mount Sinai is a popular destination for pilgrims and hikers, who climb to the summit to witness the sunrise and explore the historic sites in the area.

C. St. Catherine’s Monastery

St. Catherine’s Monastery is an ancient monastery located at the foot of Mount Sinai. It was built in the 6th century and is one of the oldest Christian monasteries in the world. St. Catherine’s Monastery houses a collection of priceless religious artifacts, including ancient manuscripts, icons, and mosaics.

D. Ras Muhammad National Park

Ras Muhammad National Park is a protected area located at the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula. It is a marine park that boasts some of the best coral reefs and marine life in the world. Ras Muhammad National Park is a popular destination for snorkeling and diving, as well as hiking and wildlife spotting.

Tips for visiting Sinai

1. Respect the local culture and customs, especially when visiting religious sites.
2. Bring appropriate clothing and gear for outdoor activities, such as hiking and diving.
3. Be prepared for extreme temperatures, especially in the summer months.
4. Follow safety guidelines and instructions when hiking or exploring remote areas.
5. Hire a local guide for a more informative and enjoyable experience.

Nile River Cruise: A Unique Perspective on Egypt’s History

A. Overview of Nile River Cruise

A Nile River Cruise is a popular way to explore the ancient wonders of Egypt while experiencing the country’s stunning scenery and rich culture. The Nile River is the longest river in the world, and a cruise along its banks offers a unique perspective on Egypt’s history and natural beauty.

B. The itinerary

A typical Nile River Cruise itinerary includes stops at several historic sites and cities along the river, such as Luxor, Aswan, and Edfu. Passengers can explore ancient temples, tombs, and ruins, as well as experience the daily life and customs of the local people. Most cruises also include guided tours and lectures by Egyptologists, to provide a deeper understanding of the region’s history and culture.

C. The experience

A Nile River Cruise offers a luxurious and comfortable way to explore Egypt’s history and scenery. Passengers can relax and enjoy the stunning views from the deck of the ship, while taking advantage of the onboard amenities and entertainment. The experience also provides an opportunity to meet and socialize with fellow travelers from around the world.

Tips for taking a Nile River Cruise

1. Choose the right time of year to travel, taking into consideration the weather and peak tourist seasons.
2. Research different cruise lines and itineraries to find the best fit for your interests and budget.
3. Bring appropriate clothing and gear for the activities and excursions planned on the itinerary.
4. Be respectful of local customs and traditions, especially when visiting religious sites.
5. Take advantage of the onboard amenities and entertainment, but also make time to relax and enjoy the scenery.

Desert Safari: A Unique Way to Explore the Beauty of the Desert

A. Overview of Desert Safari:

Desert safari is an adventure-filled experience that takes place in the arid landscapes of the world’s deserts. It involves various activities such as dune bashing, sandboarding, camel riding, and cultural experiences like Bedouin-style camping and traditional meals. It is a unique way to explore the beauty of the desert and get a taste of the local culture.

B. The Western Desert:

The Western Desert is a vast expanse of desert that covers a significant portion of North Africa, including parts of Egypt, Libya, Algeria, and Tunisia. It is known for its stunning sand dunes, rocky formations, and ancient archaeological sites, such as the Great Sphinx and the Pyramids of Giza. A desert safari in the Western Desert can include visits to these historical landmarks and thrilling experiences like quad biking and hot air ballooning.

C. The Eastern Desert:

The Eastern Desert is another desert region in Egypt that offers a unique desert safari experience. It is characterized by rugged mountains, barren plains, and vast expanses of sand dunes. A desert safari in the Eastern Desert can include activities such as hiking, rock climbing, and visiting the ancient mining sites of the Pharaohs. It is also home to some of the country’s most stunning oases, including the famous Kharga Oasis.

D. Siwa Oasis:

Siwa Oasis is a stunning oasis in the heart of the Western Desert of Egypt. It is known for its natural beauty, hot springs, and historical landmarks, such as the Temple of the Oracle of Amun. A desert safari in Siwa Oasis can include visiting these historical sites, as well as experiencing the local culture through traditional meals, music, and dance. It is also a popular spot for stargazing due to its clear night skies.

Tips for taking a Desert Safari:

1. Dress appropriately for the weather, with lightweight, loose-fitting clothing, a hat, and sunglasses.
2. Bring sunscreen and insect repellent to protect your skin from the sun and bug bites.
3. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water and avoiding alcohol.
4. Follow the safety instructions of your guide when participating in adventure activities.
5. Respect the local culture and customs, and ask for permission before taking photos of people.
6. Bring a camera or smartphone to capture the stunning desert landscapes and memories of your trip.

Accommodation

A. Types of accommodation in Egypt:

Egypt offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit different budgets and preferences. These include luxurious hotels, budget-friendly hostels, guesthouses, apartments, and homestays.

B. Best areas to stay in Cairo:

1. Downtown Cairo: This area is ideal for those who want to be close to the city’s main attractions such as the Egyptian Museum, Tahrir Square, and the Nile River.
2. Zamalek: This is a trendy and upscale neighborhood on an island in the Nile River, offering stunning views of the city and easy access to restaurants, cafes, and cultural attractions.
3. Giza: This area is best for those who want to be close to the Pyramids of Giza and the Great Sphinx.

C. Best areas to stay in Luxor:

1. East Bank: This area is the commercial and tourist hub of Luxor, with a wide range of hotels, restaurants, and shops. It is also home to major attractions like the Luxor Temple and Karnak Temple.
2. West Bank: This area offers a quieter and more authentic experience, with several guesthouses and homestays. It is also home to the Valley of the Kings, the Valley of the Queens, and the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut.

D. Best areas to stay in Aswan:

1. Aswan City Center: This area is the commercial and cultural hub of Aswan, with a variety of hotels, restaurants, and shops. It is also home to attractions like the Aswan Souk and the Nubian Museum.
2. Elephantine Island: This island offers a peaceful and picturesque escape from the city, with several hotels and guesthouses. It is also home to the ancient ruins of Abu and the Aswan Botanical Garden.

E. Best areas to stay in the Red Sea:

1. Hurghada: This area is a popular beach resort destination with a wide range of hotels and resorts, as well as water sports activities and nightlife options.
2. Sharm El-Sheikh: This area is another popular beach resort destination, offering luxury hotels and resorts, as well as world-class diving and snorkeling opportunities.

Food

A. Overview of Egyptian cuisine:

Egyptian cuisine is a rich and flavorful mix of Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, and African influences. It features a variety of vegetables, legumes, herbs, and spices, as well as meat and fish dishes. Common ingredients include rice, wheat, beans, chickpeas, eggplant, tomatoes, garlic, onions, and cumin.

B. Must-try dishes:

1. Koshari: a popular street food made of rice, lentils, pasta, and tomato sauce, topped with fried onions.
2. Ful medames: a traditional breakfast dish made of cooked fava beans, served with olive oil, lemon juice, and garlic.
3. Molokhia: a stew made of the leaves of the jute plant, cooked with garlic, coriander, and chicken or beef.
4. Ta’meya: Egyptian falafel made of fava beans, onions, and herbs.
5. Kushari: a mix of lentils, rice, chickpeas, pasta, and tomato sauce, topped with fried onions.

C. Best restaurants in Cairo:

1. Abou El Sid: a restaurant chain that offers traditional Egyptian cuisine, with locations in various areas of Cairo.
2. Felfela: a popular restaurant that specializes in Egyptian street food, such as ta’meya, falafel, and koshari.
3. Kazaz: a restaurant that serves Egyptian grilled meats and kebabs, as well as traditional mezzes.

D. Best restaurants in Luxor:

1. Sofra: a restaurant that offers traditional Egyptian cuisine, with a focus on local ingredients and flavors.
2. El Tarboush: a restaurant that serves Egyptian and Lebanese dishes, as well as a variety of mezzes.
3. Nile Valley Restaurant: a restaurant located on the banks of the Nile River, offering a variety of Egyptian and international dishes.

E. Best restaurants in Aswan:

1. Al Masry: a restaurant that offers traditional Egyptian cuisine, with a focus on locally sourced ingredients.
2. Nubian House Restaurant: a restaurant that serves Nubian cuisine, featuring local ingredients and flavors.
3. Oriental Kebabgy: a restaurant that specializes in Egyptian grilled meats and kebabs, as well as a variety of mezze.

Safety

Egypt is a relatively safe country to visit, but it’s important to take some precautions to ensure your safety during your trip. Here are some tips to keep in mind:

1. Be aware of your surroundings: Whether you’re in a busy tourist area or a quiet side street, it’s important to stay alert and aware of what’s going on around you. Be cautious of anyone who seems overly friendly or suspicious.
2. Respect local customs and traditions: Egypt is a conservative country, and visitors should dress modestly and avoid public displays of affection. It’s also important to be respectful of religious sites and traditions.
3. Use licensed tour guides: When exploring the country’s many attractions, it’s best to use licensed tour guides to ensure your safety and to avoid getting lost.
4. Avoid political demonstrations: Egypt has a history of political instability, and protests and demonstrations can sometimes turn violent. Avoid any political gatherings or demonstrations.
5. Be cautious with your valuables: Petty theft and pickpocketing can occur in tourist areas, so it’s important to keep an eye on your belongings at all times. Keep your valuables in a safe place and avoid carrying large amounts of cash.
6. Use reputable transportation: It’s best to use reputable taxi services or public transportation, especially when traveling at night.
7. Stay in safe and secure accommodation: Choose a hotel or guesthouse that is well-reviewed and in a safe location. Make sure that your room has a secure lock and that you don’t let strangers into your room.

By following these tips and staying vigilant, you can have a safe and enjoyable trip to Egypt.